Dec 05 2008
What is Raster and Vector based file formats and where they are used?
In early days, when computers were invented and only DOS were used as the operating system no one have to tackle with so many file format extension, now days we have to do like several audio and video , image file formats, cad drawings, web formats and vector file formats.
Working with Vector file
Working with Raster file
To describe what are Vector and Raster file format, suppose we have two pieces of paper, one with filled with a color red and another have a picture on it. Now let we magnify both pages using any magnifier we can easily find that Photograph image quality decreases as we further move the lens while the red color filled paper shows the single red color from any depth. Here we can describe, for instance the photograph as a Raster Image and Red filled paper as Vector Image. In technical terms, as we know our computer generally displays 72 pixels per inch which is described as ppi and our printer works on dpi which dots per inch. Both are different term which are used to describe how the grid was laid when we get the final layout. For vector based drawing the programs like freehand, adobe illustrator or Corel draw uses a mathematical formula, they set the object dimension or shape which makes an image with their coordinates and assigns the colour that will be the same no matter at to what extent we zoom it. While in raster images Programs Like adobe Photoshop or Photopaint they define the image dimension or their resolution first. This is why working with the photographs we have to work with correct resolution and with vector images there is no such boundation as we can increase or decrease its size without any quality loose this why text matter printed with vector based softwares are very sharp and fine while with raster image every time we resize or changes it quality suffers, when increasing the size to 200% the resolution drops to 36 dpi and it is really jagged.
Vector based images do have several advantages since they are describe mathematically and are resolution independent. But they do have one major disadvantage. Most photographs can’ t be described mathematically. To achieve a continuous tone image for example a photograph the most efficient way to describe it is by using a raster image format because these are much easier for color correction.
Common uses for raster image formats
- Photographs or scenery images that were scanned or captured from the camera.
- Images that have several millions of colors.
- Used on the web where there are no vector formats currently supported
Common uses for vector image formats
- Logos which are generally a few solid colors and need to be shown at a variety of sizes
- Creating specialized text effects
- 3D and CAD programs
Vector image formats advantages
- Resolution independent
- Smooth curves
- Small file sizes
Raster image formats advantages
- Only format that will show smooth gradients and subtle detail necessary in photographic images
- Allow for color correction much easier then vector images
Both file formats are used incorrectly used by many people. Lots of people use Photoshop for doing work which would be much better suited for a drawing program. You can use the wrong file format but it is much more efficient to understand the differences between the two and use the correct one.








